Inferences about distribution parametersInferences about the parameters of a distribution are made using a random sample of data drawn from the population of interest.

Point and interval estimation
Estimation is the process of making inferences from a sample about an unknown population parameter. An estimator is a statistic that is used to infer the value of an unknown parameter.
Parameter estimate
A parameter estimate is either a point or interval estimate of an unknown population parameter.
Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing is the formal process of making inferences from a sample whether or not a statement about the population appears to be true.
Parameter hypothesis test
A hypothesis test formally tests if a population parameter is different to a hypothesized value.
Parameter equivalence hypothesis test
An equivalence hypothesis test formally tests if a population parameter is equivalent to a hypothesized value, that is, practically the same.